Africa to increase aquaculture production to meet growing demand, study shows

AFRICA – Aquaculture production in Africa has expanded significantly over the past two decades, rising more than five times between 2000 and 2022, according to a new report by the Malabo Montpellier Panel. 

While coastal fisheries continue to face depletion due to overfishing, the study suggests that aquaculture could bridge the gap if governments invest more in infrastructure, technology, and small-scale producers.

The report, titled Fish-friendly: Policy innovations for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in Africa, indicates that Africa’s aquaculture output grew from 0.45 million tonnes in 2000 to 2.51 million tonnes in 2022, marking the highest growth rate globally. 

This expansion is largely driven by increasing demand fueled by urbanization, population growth, and shifting dietary preferences.

Egypt accounts for the majority of aquaculture production on the continent, contributing 62% of the total, while Nigeria follows at 10%. 

The sector is also a key employer, with jobs rising from 240,000 in 2000 to 650,000 in 2022.

Fisheries and aquaculture continue to play a vital role in Africa’s economy. 

The continent remains a net exporter of fish and seafood, with export earnings increasing from US$2.7 billion in 2000 to US$8.5 billion in 2022.

Fish and other aquatic foods are becoming more important in African diets, now making up nearly 20% of total animal protein consumption. 

Per capita fish consumption rose from 7.6 kg per year in 2000 to 9.4 kg in 2021, driven by rising incomes, urbanization, and a perception that fish is a healthier alternative to other meats.

Despite this growth, the continent faces a widening supply gap. 

Current production falls short of demand, leading to heavy reliance on imports.

Looking Forward 

By 2030, Africa is projected to face an annual fish and seafood deficit of 11 million tonnes. 

To maintain existing consumption levels, production would need to grow by 74% by 2050.

The Malabo Montpellier Panel outlines four key strategies for African governments to improve aquaculture production. 

The first is investing in infrastructure and technology, including hatcheries, storage facilities, and renewable energy-powered processing plants. 

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, such as rice-fish farming, is among the recommended innovations.

Supporting small-scale aquaculture is another priority. 

The report suggests developing financial services tailored to small producers, expanding technical training programs, and improving access to markets through digital tools.

Innovation and research funding are also seen as crucial. 

The panel recommends creating innovation hubs, increasing resources for sustainability research, and offering incentives for research institutions.

Finally, the report highlights the need for stronger regional cooperation and trade facilitation. 

Standardizing fisheries regulations, establishing common certification systems, and improving customs procedures could enhance efficiency and sustainability across the sector.

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