India’s FSSAI to introduce stricter pesticide limits for spices

INDIA – The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is set to increase the number of regulated pesticides in spices from 18 to 98.

This change aims to align Indian spice exports with international food safety regulations while ensuring consumer protection.

Until now, only 18 Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) were in place for spices, potentially overlooking various pesticides used in cultivation. Expanding the list to 98 will allow for better monitoring and compliance with safety standards.

Chillies and cumin have the highest pesticide use among spices, making them key targets of the updated guidelines. Paresh Shah, Chairman of the Sub-Committee, Scientific Panel on Pesticide Residues, FSSAI, emphasized the broad scope of the risk assessment.

“Risk assessment now covers all groups, including children, women of childbearing age, and the general population, aligning with Codex standards.”

These updates follow Codex Alimentarius standards, which serve as a global benchmark for food safety. Aligning with these standards will likely reduce the rejection of Indian spice exports by importing nations.

Past adjustments and industry reactions

The move to strengthen regulations follows previous adjustments to pesticide limits. In April 2024, FSSAI raised the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) for pesticides in herbs and spices from 0.01 mg/kg to 0.1 mg/kg. In India, MRLs are set under the Food Safety and Standards (Contaminants, Toxins and Residues) Regulation, 2011.

They are based on field trials conducted by the Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee (CIBRC) under the Ministry of Agriculture.

While these changes aim to facilitate trade and food safety, concerns remain about higher pesticide intake. Increased limits could lead to greater pesticide ingestion and potential export restrictions if Indian produce exceeds international thresholds.

Experts have urged greater transparency in field trial data and broader pesticide registration under CIBRC to balance safety with trade interests.

While improved standards support export growth, small farmers may struggle to adopt safer farming practices due to limited awareness.

Many are unfamiliar with proper pesticide application and residue management, which could affect compliance. Training programs will be essential to help farmers meet the new standards.

Ramkumar Menon, Chairman of the World Spice Organisation, highlighted India’s position in global spice production. “India aims to be the largest producer and leader in value-added spices like oils, extracts & curry powders.”

Strengthening residue regulations could help maintain this leadership by reducing non-compliance risks in foreign markets.

Market growth and economic outlook

Spices play a crucial role in India’s economy. The country produces 75 of the 109 globally recognized spices and is among the largest exporters.

By 2025, India’s spice and culinary herbs market is expected to generate US$704.32 million in revenue, with an annual growth rate of 4.52% from 2025 to 2030. Consumption is also projected to rise by 7.28% between 2024 and 2029, reaching 30.89 thousand tons.

Stronger pesticide regulations could improve market acceptance of Indian spices, boosting export growth. However, maintaining compliance will require ongoing monitoring and farmer education.

The final guidelines are awaiting approval from the Prime Minister’s Office and will be released soon.

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